- The 9610 export model is ideal for e-commerce businesses seeking fast, flexible market entry through small, direct-to-consumer shipments with simplified digital customs procedures.
- The 0110 model is better suited to established businesses handling larger shipment volumes, offering lower logistics costs and greater supply chain stability through traditional trade processes.
- Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) achieve the best results by combining both models, using 9610 for product testing and rapid delivery, while relying on 0110 for scalable, cost-efficient operations.
If you do business with China, sooner or later, you’ll come across the codes 9610 and 0110. At first glance, they may seem like minor customs categories, but in practice, they have a direct impact on delivery speed, costs, risks, and even how a business scales.
Many companies choose between them intuitively or copy existing setups, which often leads to inefficiencies. In reality, 9610 and 0110 represent two distinct approaches: one built for flexibility and testing, the other for stable, large-scale operations.
This article outlines the key differences between the two and how to choose the right model.
What are 9610 and 0110?
9610
Code 9610 is used for exporting goods via cross-border e-commerce. In simple terms, it involves shipping small parcels directly to end customers, often through marketplaces or direct-to-consumer (DTC) channels.
Its key feature is the use of electronic data instead of traditional documentation. Order, payment and delivery information is transmitted digitally to customs, which speeds up processing. As a result, 9610 is well-suited to frequent, small shipments and is commonly used when entering new markets or testing demand without committing to large inventory.
0110
Code 0110 refers to the traditional model of foreign trade, known as general trade, where standard documentation such as invoices, packing lists and full customs declarations is required.
Unlike 9610, it focuses on larger consignments rather than individual parcels. The process is more structured and requires more preparation, but offers greater predictability at stable volumes. It is typically used when demand is established and businesses operate through distributors, wholesalers or overseas warehouses.
Key Differences That Actually Matter
Speed and flexibility
One of the key differences between 9610 and 0110 is the speed and flexibility of operations.
The 9610 model is designed for fast, frequent shipments of small parcels. Its use of electronic data and simplified procedures speeds up customs clearance, allowing companies to respond quickly to demand and test new products.
In contrast, 0110 involves more formalised processes and full documentation, which increases processing time but improves predictability at stable volumes. Overall, 9610 suits rapid iterations, while 0110 is better for planned deliveries.
Cost structure
Cost differences are most visible in logistics. Under 9610, goods are shipped in small consignments, often via air or express delivery, which increases the cost per unit. According to Freightos, an 85kg shipment can cost $400 by sea and $600 by air, despite far shorter transit times.
In contrast, 0110 relies on larger, consolidated shipments, significantly reducing the cost per unit, especially when using sea freight, which remains the most economical option for high volumes, as Maersk notes. As a result, 9610 offers flexibility but at a higher cost, while 0110 becomes more efficient as volumes grow.
Shipment type
9610 and 0110 also differ in shipment type. 9610 is designed for sending small orders directly to end customers, which is typical in e-commerce, where each parcel corresponds to a single order.
In contrast, 0110 is used for larger consignments delivered to warehouses, distributors or retail partners rather than end customers. This difference shapes the choice of logistics, warehousing and the overall operating model.
Risk and compliance
The models also differ in terms of risk. In 9610, the key factor is data accuracy: since the process relies on digital information flows, any discrepancies can lead to delays or additional customs checks.
In 0110, the focus shifts to traditional documentation, including invoices, classification and declarations, where risks are linked to compliance and document accuracy. At the same time, controls on small parcels have been tightening, with the European Commission noting a rise in e-commerce shipments and increased regulatory scrutiny.
When to use each model
Use 9610 if:
The 9610 model is best suited where speed, flexibility, and direct access to end customers are priorities. It works particularly well in e-commerce, especially for small batches and fast-moving demand.
It is also useful for testing new products: businesses can ship small volumes, gauge demand, and scale only once there is clear traction. Simplified procedures and digital data processing further speed up customs clearance, making it suitable for fast deliveries and short product lifecycles.
Use 0110 if:
Model 0110 is more appropriate where cost efficiency and supply stability are the main priorities. It is typically used by businesses with predictable volumes that operate through wholesalers, distributors, or overseas warehouses.
It is particularly effective for larger consignments, where cargo consolidation reduces the cost per unit, especially with sea freight; and for building long-term supply chains, where formalised procedures and full documentation support consistency and compliance.
A practical approach for SMEs
For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the choice between 9610 and 0110 is rarely straightforward. In practice, companies often use both models at different stages of development, or even in parallel, depending on their needs.
In the early stages, 9610 is usually the more practical option. It allows businesses to enter the market quickly, test demand and start selling without committing to large volumes or complex logistics. As the business grow, and demand becomes more predictable, the focus shifts towards cost efficiency, making 0110 a more suitable option due to lower costs per unit through shipment consolidation.
In many cases, a hybrid approach works best. Core volumes can be shipped via 0110 to warehouses or distributors, while new or less predictable products are still sent via 9610 to test demand and ensure faster delivery.
Overall, the choice between 9610 and 0110 is not a one-time decision but an operational lever. Companies that use both models strategically tend to achieve greater flexibility while keeping costs under control.
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The 9610 and 0110 models represent two different approaches to cross-border trade, each suited to different business needs and stages of development.
9610 focuses on speed and flexibility, allowing companies to enter the market quickly, test demand and sell directly to end customers. In contrast, 0110 is built for cost efficiency and stability, supporting larger volumes and more predictable supply chains.
The choice between them depends on the business model, volumes and priorities. In practice, the strongest results come from combining both models, using each where it makes the most sense. This allows companies to stay flexible while keeping costs under control in a fast-changing global environment.
